Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS): an overview and advances in its applications

Table 1 Types of ATPS with representative examples

Types of ATPS	Representative examples			Reference
Types of ATPS	Composition of ATPS	Product	Results	Reference
Polymer – polymer	PEG – dextran	Chitinase	Successful partitioning of chitinase towards bottom phase	[161]
Polymer – polymer	PEG – dextran	Nanospheres, nanowires and DNA derivatized nanowires	Successful In situ binding Au nanospheres with Au nanowires	[162]
Polymer – salt	PEG – K₂HPO₄	B-phycoerythin	Recovery yield = 90 %	[163]
	PEG – K₂HPO₄	B-phycoerythin	Purification factor = 4	[163]
	PEG 4000 – sulfate + 8.8 % NaCl	α-Amylase	Purification = 53 fold	[164]
	PEG 4000 – sulfate + 8.8 % NaCl	α-Amylase	Purity = 86 %	[164]
Alcohol – salt	2-propanol – K₂HPO₄	Lipase	Recovery yield = 99 % Purification factor = 13.5	[165]
Alcohol – salt	Ethanol – K₂HPO₄	2,3-butanediol	Recovery yield= >98 %	[16]
Micellar/reverse micellar ATPS	n-Decyl tetra (ethylene oxide)	Bacteriophages	Bacteriophages partitioning towards micelle poor phase	[12]
Micellar/reverse micellar ATPS	Isooctane/ethylhexanol/methyltrioctyl ammoniumchloride	Plasmid DNA	Successful purification of DNA and RNA removal	[166]
Ionic liquids (ILs) – based ATPS	1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride – salt	Codeine and papaverine	Recovery yield= >90 % (codeine), >99 % (papaverine)	[167]
	Imidazolium – K₂HPO₄	Curcuminoids	Extraction yield = 96 %	[168]
	Imidazolium – K₂HPO₄	Curcuminoids	Purity= >51 %	[168]

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